Q: why compile new kernel has all sort of problem? and it takes lots of time. A: i am thinking to do this to solve: 1. build world only once from GENERIC 2. all others using -w to skip build world to goto build kernel directly (30mins) --ref use GENERIC to build world and build kernel and others then all use -w to skip build world i suspect build world everytime with a new KERNEL config will mess up swap so just keep the original build world copy in swap, and do build kernel for all other Kernel config